The anal sphincters constitute a set of 2 muscles that form a ring around the anus and are crucial in maintaining continence mechanism in the body. The anal sphincter is a complex muscular structure that comprises two main components: the inner, involuntary (smooth) muscle called the internal anal sphincter and the outer, voluntary (striated) muscle […]

ICU patients often suffer from compromised immune systems due to their underlying medical conditions, invasive procedures, and the use of immunosuppressive medications. This weakened defense system leaves them highly susceptible to infections, which can significantly impact their recovery and overall health. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as healthcare-associated infections, are quite common in in ICU […]